Important: This website does not attempt to establish a standard for how assistive technologies must behave. Read the FAQ for more information. Additionally, this is a work in progress. Please submit feedback or suggestions.

Test: HTML links example 5 - A link that wraps many elements

Screen Reader support level: partial (32/33)

Voice Control support level: partial (9/15)

On this page

About this test

A link that wraps many elements

Submit new test results

Age of results

Results in this test range from 3 years ago to 5 years ago. See detailed information about test dates and versions for more information.

Caution

Failing or partial results may be out of date. The oldest result is from 5 years ago. Consider running this test and contributing results.

Test HTML

Open the test case HTML file

HTML source is too long to display here.

Summary of Screen Reader support by expectation

hyperlink element
ExpectationJAWSNarratorNVDAOrcaTalkBackVoiceOver (iOS)VoiceOver (macOS)
ChromeEdgeFirefoxEdgeChromeEdgeFirefoxFirefoxChromeSafariSafari
MUST convey its namesupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupported
MUST convey its rolesupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupported
MUST convey the boundaries of the elementsupportedsupportedsupportedpartialsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupported
SHOULD provide shortcuts to jump to this rolesupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupportedsupported

* means that some support is hidden behind settings

Summary of Voice Control support by expectation

hyperlink element
ExpectationDragon Naturally SpeakingVoice Access (Android)Voice Control (iOS)Voice Control (MacOS)Windows Speech RecognitionWindows Voice Access
ChromeChromeSafariSafariEdgeChromeEdgeChrome
MUST convey its namesupportedsupportedsupportedsupportednonenoneunknownunknown
MUST convey its rolesupportedsupportednot applicablesupportedsupportedsupportedunknownunknown

* means that some support is hidden behind settings

Detailed support results by expectation

Expectation for the hyperlink element: convey its name

This expectation is from the hyperlink element feature.

Rationale:

A screen reader user needs to know what to enter.

Strength of this expectation for different types of assistive technologies:

  • Screen Readers: MUST
  • Voice Control: MUST

Examples:

  • A screen reader might announce a link as something like "<name>, link"
  • Voice control software might let a user say something like "click <name>"

Grading method:

Just one of the listed commands must pass for the expectation to pass.

ATBrowserHas SupportOutput
Dragon Naturally SpeakingChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use "Click <text>" (Activate item by name)
      1. Launch Dragon Naturally Speaking and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: "Click <text>" (Activate item by name)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: successfully activated
JAWSChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
JAWSEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
JAWSFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
NarratorEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Jump to next item (scan mode)) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Narrator and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Jump to next item (scan mode))
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Link, tablet 9000!"
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Narrator and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling." (embedded semantics were not conveyed)
NVDAChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, Heading level 3, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! heading level 3, <rest of text>, link"
NVDAEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, Heading level 3, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! heading level 3, <rest of text>, link"
NVDAFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, Heading level 3, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! heading level 3, <rest of text>, link"
OrcaFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Orca and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000!, heading level 3, link"
    • Result Notes: each line is announced as a link
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Orca and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling. link, tablet 9000!, heading level 3, link"
TalkBackChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Swipe right (or alt+right arrow) (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch TalkBack and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Swipe right (or alt+right arrow) (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling, link"
Notes: The entire content is announced as a link, and it is not possible to navigate content within the link. No semantics inside the link are conveyed.
Voice Access (Android)Chromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use "Tap <text>" or just "<text>" (Activate item by name)
      1. Launch Voice Access (Android) and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: "Tap <text>" or just "<text>" (Activate item by name)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: link was activated
    • Command Notes: said "tap tablet 9000"
Voice Control (iOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use "Tap <text>" (Activate item by name)
      1. Launch Voice Control (iOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: "Tap <text>" (Activate item by name)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: link was flagged for disambiguation
    • Command Notes: said "tap tablet 9000"
Voice Control (MacOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use "Click <text>" (Activate item by name)
      1. Launch Voice Control (MacOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: "Click <text>" (Activate item by name)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: link was clicked
    • Command Notes: said "click tablet 9000"
VoiceOver (iOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Swipe Right (Next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (iOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Swipe Right (Next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Each line is conveyed as its own link
VoiceOver (macOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use VO + Right arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (macOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: VO + Right arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling."
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (macOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling."
Notes: The entire contents of the link are announced when navigating to the link. Users can navigate into the link contain and navigate object by object.
Windows Speech RecognitionEdgenone
  • Result: (fail)
    • Test Case: Use "Click <text>" (Activate item by name)
      1. Launch Windows Speech Recognition and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: "Click <text>" (Activate item by name)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: role was not activated
    • Command Notes: said "click tablet 9000"
    • Grading note: This command may be expected to fail. This result simply indicates that it did not yield support.
Grading Note: There is no known/documented support. There may still be support for this expectation, but it is undocumented. If this is the case, please report this issue.
Windows Speech RecognitionChromenone
  • Result: (fail)
    • Test Case: Use "Click <text>" (Activate item by name)
      1. Launch Windows Speech Recognition and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: "Click <text>" (Activate item by name)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: role was not activated
    • Command Notes: said "click tablet 9000"
    • Grading note: This command may be expected to fail. This result simply indicates that it did not yield support.
Grading Note: There is no known/documented support. There may still be support for this expectation, but it is undocumented. If this is the case, please report this issue.
Windows Voice AccessEdgeunknown-
Windows Voice AccessChromeunknown-
Windows KeyboardChromenot applicable-
Windows KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Windows KeyboardEdgenot applicable-
Mac KeyboardChromenot applicable-
Mac KeyboardSafarinot applicable-
iOS KeyboardSafarinot applicable-
Android KeyboardChromenot applicable-

Extended Support for: hyperlink element: convey its name

These are less common combinations

ATBrowserHas SupportOutput
Dragon Naturally SpeakingIEunknown-
Dragon Naturally SpeakingFirefoxunknown-
JAWS 2019.1906.10IE 11yes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and IE.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and IE.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
NarratorFirefoxunknown-
NarratorChromeunknown-
NarratorIEunknown-
NVDAIEunknown-
TalkBackFirefoxunknown-
Voice Access (Android)Firefoxunknown-
VoiceOver (iOS)Chromeunknown-
VoiceOver (macOS)Chromeunknown-
VoiceOver (macOS)Firefoxunknown-
OrcaChromeunknown-
Voice Control (MacOS)Chromeunknown-
Voice Control (MacOS)Firefoxunknown-
Mac KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Android KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Back to top

Expectation for the hyperlink element: convey its role

This expectation is from the hyperlink element feature.

Rationale:

A screen reader user needs to know how they can interact with the element. Voice control software might use the role to help users activate controls that do not have a visible name.

Strength of this expectation for different types of assistive technologies:

  • Screen Readers: MUST
  • Voice Control: MUST

Examples:

  • A screen reader might announce a link as something like "<name>, link"
  • Voice control software might let a user say something like "click link"

Grading method:

Just one of the listed commands must pass for the expectation to pass.

ATBrowserHas SupportOutput
Dragon Naturally SpeakingChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Click <role> (Click Type)
      1. Launch Dragon Naturally Speaking and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: Click <role> (Click Type)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: flagged as a link to choose from
JAWSChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
JAWSEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
JAWSFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
NarratorEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Jump to next item (scan mode)) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Narrator and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Jump to next item (scan mode))
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Link, tablet 9000!"
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Narrator and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling." (embedded semantics were not conveyed)
NVDAChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, Heading level 3, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! heading level 3, <rest of text>, link"
NVDAEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, Heading level 3, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! heading level 3, <rest of text>, link"
NVDAFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, Heading level 3, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! heading level 3, <rest of text>, link"
OrcaFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Orca and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000!, heading level 3, link"
    • Result Notes: each line is announced as a link
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Orca and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling. link, tablet 9000!, heading level 3, link"
TalkBackChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Swipe right (or alt+right arrow) (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch TalkBack and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Swipe right (or alt+right arrow) (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling, link"
Notes: The entire content is announced as a link, and it is not possible to navigate content within the link. No semantics inside the link are conveyed.
Voice Access (Android)Chromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use "Show numbers" (Turn on the numbers overlay)
      1. Launch Voice Access (Android) and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: "Show numbers" (Turn on the numbers overlay)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: role is flagged with a number
    • Command Notes: said "show numbers"
Voice Control (iOS)Safarinot applicable-
Voice Control (MacOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use "Show numbers" (Turn on the numbers overlay)
      1. Launch Voice Control (MacOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: "Show numbers" (Turn on the numbers overlay)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: role was flagged with a number
    • Command Notes: said "show numbers"
VoiceOver (iOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Swipe Right (Next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (iOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Swipe Right (Next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Each line is conveyed as its own link
VoiceOver (macOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use VO + Right arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (macOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: VO + Right arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling."
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (macOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling."
Notes: The entire contents of the link are announced when navigating to the link. Users can navigate into the link contain and navigate object by object.
Windows Speech RecognitionEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use "Show numbers" (Turn on the numbers overlay)
      1. Launch Windows Speech Recognition and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: "Show numbers" (Turn on the numbers overlay)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: role was flagged with a number
    • Command Notes: said "show numbers"
Windows Speech RecognitionChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use "Show numbers" (Turn on the numbers overlay)
      1. Launch Windows Speech Recognition and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Issue the command: "Show numbers" (Turn on the numbers overlay)
      5. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: role was flagged with a number
    • Command Notes: said "show numbers"
Windows Voice AccessEdgeunknown-
Windows Voice AccessChromeunknown-
Windows KeyboardChromenot applicable-
Windows KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Windows KeyboardEdgenot applicable-
Mac KeyboardChromenot applicable-
Mac KeyboardSafarinot applicable-
iOS KeyboardSafarinot applicable-
Android KeyboardChromenot applicable-

Extended Support for: hyperlink element: convey its role

These are less common combinations

ATBrowserHas SupportOutput
Dragon Naturally SpeakingIEunknown-
Dragon Naturally SpeakingFirefoxunknown-
JAWS 2019.1906.10IE 11yes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and IE.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and IE.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
NarratorFirefoxunknown-
NarratorChromeunknown-
NarratorIEunknown-
NVDAIEunknown-
TalkBackFirefoxunknown-
Voice Access (Android)Firefoxunknown-
VoiceOver (iOS)Chromeunknown-
VoiceOver (macOS)Chromeunknown-
VoiceOver (macOS)Firefoxunknown-
OrcaChromeunknown-
Voice Control (MacOS)Chromeunknown-
Voice Control (MacOS)Firefoxunknown-
Mac KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Android KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Back to top

Expectation for the hyperlink element: convey the boundaries of the element

This expectation is from the hyperlink element feature.

Rationale:

A user needs to know when they enter and exit an element

Strength of this expectation for different types of assistive technologies:

  • Screen Readers: MUST
  • Voice Control: NA

Examples:

  • A screen reader might announce an inline link as something like "<name>, link"
  • A screen reader might announce when it enter and exits a links the spans multiple lines.
  • A screen reader might announce the link role for every line that the links spans

Grading method:

All of the listed commands must pass for the expectation to pass.

ATBrowserHas SupportOutput
Dragon Naturally SpeakingChromenot applicable-
JAWSChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
Notes: Announces the link role on every line, and does not announce something like "entering link" or "leaving link" when entering or leaving.
JAWSEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
JAWSFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
Notes: Announces the link role on every line, and does not announce something like "entering link" or "leaving link" when entering or leaving.
NarratorEdgepartial
  • Result: (partial)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Jump to next item (scan mode)) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Narrator and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Jump to next item (scan mode))
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Link, tablet 9000!"
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Narrator and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling." (embedded semantics were not conveyed)
NVDAChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, Heading level 3, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! heading level 3, <rest of text>, link"
Notes: Announces the link role on every line, and does not announce something like "entering link" or "leaving link" when entering or leaving.
NVDAEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, Heading level 3, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! heading level 3, <rest of text>, link"
NVDAFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, Heading level 3, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! heading level 3, <rest of text>, link"
Notes: Announces the link role on every line, and does not announce something like "entering link" or "leaving link" when entering or leaving.
OrcaFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Orca and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000!, heading level 3, link"
    • Result Notes: each line is announced as a link
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Orca and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling. link, tablet 9000!, heading level 3, link"
TalkBackChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Swipe right (or alt+right arrow) (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch TalkBack and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Swipe right (or alt+right arrow) (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling, link"
Notes: Boundaries implied by navigation. The entire content is announced as a link, and it is not possible to navigate content within the link. No semantics inside the link are conveyed.
Voice Access (Android)Chromenot applicable-
Voice Control (iOS)Safarinot applicable-
Voice Control (MacOS)Safarinot applicable-
VoiceOver (iOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Swipe Right (Next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (iOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Swipe Right (Next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Each line is conveyed as its own link
VoiceOver (macOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use VO + Right arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (macOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: VO + Right arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling."
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (macOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling."
Notes: The entire contents of the link are announced when navigating to the link. Users can navigate into the link contain and navigate object by object.
Windows Speech RecognitionEdgenot applicable-
Windows Speech RecognitionChromenot applicable-
Windows Voice AccessEdgenot applicable-
Windows Voice AccessChromenot applicable-
Windows KeyboardChromenot applicable-
Windows KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Windows KeyboardEdgenot applicable-
Mac KeyboardChromenot applicable-
Mac KeyboardSafarinot applicable-
iOS KeyboardSafarinot applicable-
Android KeyboardChromenot applicable-

Extended Support for: hyperlink element: convey the boundaries of the element

These are less common combinations

ATBrowserHas SupportOutput
Dragon Naturally SpeakingIEnot applicable-
Dragon Naturally SpeakingFirefoxnot applicable-
JAWS 2019.1906.10IE 11yes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Down arrow (Read next item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and IE.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Down arrow (Read next item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "Heading level 3, link, tablet 9000!" (each down arrow press announces a line of text within the link along with the the link role)
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Tab (Read next focusable item) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and IE.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Tab (Read next focusable item)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "<all text in link>, heading level 3, link"
NarratorFirefoxunknown-
NarratorChromeunknown-
NarratorIEunknown-
NVDAIEunknown-
TalkBackFirefoxunknown-
Voice Access (Android)Firefoxnot applicable-
VoiceOver (iOS)Chromeunknown-
VoiceOver (macOS)Chromeunknown-
VoiceOver (macOS)Firefoxunknown-
OrcaChromeunknown-
Voice Control (MacOS)Chromenot applicable-
Voice Control (MacOS)Firefoxnot applicable-
Mac KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Android KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Back to top

Expectation for the hyperlink element: provide shortcuts to jump to this role

This expectation is from the hyperlink element feature.

Rationale:

Screen reader users might want to quickly navigate to elements of this type.

Strength of this expectation for different types of assistive technologies:

  • Screen Readers: SHOULD
  • Voice Control: NA

Grading method:

Just one of the listed commands must pass for the expectation to pass.

ATBrowserHas SupportOutput
Dragon Naturally SpeakingChromenot applicable-
JAWSChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use u (Next unvisited link) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: u (Next unvisited link)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Only conveys the first line of the link
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Insert + F3 (Open element list)
      1. Launch JAWS and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Insert + F3 (Open element list)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: na
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Full text included in the list of links
JAWSEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use u (Next unvisited link) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: u (Next unvisited link)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Only conveys the first line of the link
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Insert + F3 (Open element list)
      1. Launch JAWS and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Insert + F3 (Open element list)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: na
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Full text included in the list of links
JAWSFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use u (Next unvisited link) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: u (Next unvisited link)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Only conveys the first line of the link
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Insert + F3 (Open element list)
      1. Launch JAWS and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Insert + F3 (Open element list)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: na
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Full text included in the list of links
NarratorEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use k (Next link) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Narrator and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: k (Next link)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling." (embedded semantics were not conveyed)
NVDAChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use u (Next unvisited link) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: u (Next unvisited link)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Conveys full text of link
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use NVDA + F7 (Open Elements List)
      1. Launch NVDA and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: NVDA + F7 (Open Elements List)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: na
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Full text included in the list of links
NVDAEdgeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use u (Next unvisited link) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: u (Next unvisited link)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Conveys full text of link
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use NVDA + F7 (Open Elements List)
      1. Launch NVDA and Edge.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: NVDA + F7 (Open Elements List)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: na
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Full text included in the list of links
NVDAFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use u (Next unvisited link) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch NVDA and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: u (Next unvisited link)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Conveys full text of link
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use NVDA + F7 (Open Elements List)
      1. Launch NVDA and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: NVDA + F7 (Open Elements List)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: na
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Full text included in the list of links
OrcaFirefoxyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use k (Next link) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Orca and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: k (Next link)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: announced correctly
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use alt + shift+ k (Open a list of links) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch Orca and Firefox.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: alt + shift+ k (Open a list of links)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: in list of links (all lines included)
TalkBackChromeyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Swipe down (alt+L) (next link (correct reading control must be selected)) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch TalkBack and Chrome.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Swipe down (alt+L) (next link (correct reading control must be selected))
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling, link"
Notes: The entire content is announced as a link, and it is not possible to navigate content within the link. No semantics inside the link are conveyed.
Voice Access (Android)Chromenot applicable-
Voice Control (iOS)Safarinot applicable-
Voice Control (MacOS)Safarinot applicable-
VoiceOver (iOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Swipe down (next link (correct item type must be selected)) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (iOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Swipe down (next link (correct item type must be selected))
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Each line is conveyed as its own link
VoiceOver (macOS)Safariyes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use VO + Command + L (Next Link) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch VoiceOver (macOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: VO + Command + L (Next Link)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: "link, tablet 9000! Turn all your widgets into mellbloms! Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling."
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use VO + U (Open Rotor)
      1. Launch VoiceOver (macOS) and Safari.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: VO + U (Open Rotor)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: na
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: (included in the list of links)
Windows Speech RecognitionEdgenot applicable-
Windows Speech RecognitionChromenot applicable-
Windows Voice AccessEdgenot applicable-
Windows Voice AccessChromenot applicable-
Windows KeyboardChromenot applicable-
Windows KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Windows KeyboardEdgenot applicable-
Mac KeyboardChromenot applicable-
Mac KeyboardSafarinot applicable-
iOS KeyboardSafarinot applicable-
Android KeyboardChromenot applicable-

Extended Support for: hyperlink element: provide shortcuts to jump to this role

These are less common combinations

ATBrowserHas SupportOutput
Dragon Naturally SpeakingIEnot applicable-
Dragon Naturally SpeakingFirefoxnot applicable-
JAWS 2019.1906.10IE 11yes
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use u (Next unvisited link) to navigate forward to `a[href]`
      1. Launch JAWS and IE.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Virtual focus is: before target
        • Keyboard focus is: before target
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: u (Next unvisited link)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: target
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Only conveys the first line of the link
  • Result: (pass)
    • Test Case: Use Insert + F3 (Open element list)
      1. Launch JAWS and IE.
      2. Navigate to the test page.
      3. Find the target element(s) that you will test against. Identify all elements that match this selector:a[href]
        • If multiple elements match the selector, repeat this test for all instances. However, choose a single instance to report against. If you feel that the selector should be more specific, please open a GitHub Issue.
      4. Position and configure the screen reader so that the following conditions are met
        • Mode is: auto (do not explicitly change the mode)
      5. Issue the command: Insert + F3 (Open element list)
        • After issuing the command, virtual focus should be: na
      6. Record results for the relevant expectations
    • Output: Full text included in the list of links
NarratorFirefoxunknown-
NarratorChromeunknown-
NarratorIEunknown-
NVDAIEunknown-
TalkBackFirefoxunknown-
Voice Access (Android)Firefoxnot applicable-
VoiceOver (iOS)Chromeunknown-
VoiceOver (macOS)Chromeunknown-
VoiceOver (macOS)Firefoxunknown-
OrcaChromeunknown-
Voice Control (MacOS)Chromenot applicable-
Voice Control (MacOS)Firefoxnot applicable-
Mac KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Android KeyboardFirefoxnot applicable-
Back to top

Dates and Versions of tested combinations

ATAT VersionBrowserBrowser versionOS versionDate tested
Dragon Naturally Speaking15.30Chrome75Windows 10 version 19032019-07-24
JAWS2021.2107.12Chrome92Windows 10 version 21h12021-07-30
JAWS2021.2107.12Edge92Windows 10 version 21h12021-07-30
JAWS2019.1906.10Firefox68Windows 10 version 19032019-07-24
NarratorWindows 10 version 1903Edge44Windows 10 version 19032019-07-24
NVDA2021.1Chrome92Windows 10 version 21h12021-07-30
NVDA2021.1Edge92Windows 10 version 21h12021-07-30
NVDA2019.1.1Firefox68Windows 10 version 19032019-07-24
Orca3.31.4Firefox69Ubuntu 19.042019-09-16
TalkBack7Chrome7572019-07-26
Voice Access (Android)3.1Chrome7772019-10-02
Voice Control (iOS)13.0Safari13.013.02019-09-23
Voice Control (MacOS)10.15Safari13.0.210.152019-10-07
VoiceOver (iOS)12.3.1Safari12.3.112.3.12019-07-24
VoiceOver (macOS)10.14.5Safari12.1.110.14.52019-07-24
Windows Speech RecognitionWindows 10 version 1903Edge44Windows 10 version 19032019-10-18
Windows Speech RecognitionWindows 10 version 1903Chrome77Windows 10 version 19032019-10-18

History

  • 2019-07-28 Test created
  • 2019-09-16 Add orca results
  • 2019-09-23 Added vc_ios results
  • 2019-10-02 Add va_and results
  • 2019-10-07 Add vc_macos results
  • 2019-10-18 Add wsr results
  • 2021-07-30 Added Narrator results for NVDA and JAWS, updated NVDA+Chrome results.

This test is found in the following features:

Feedback and Contribute

We use our GitHub repository to manage our issue tracking. Please provide as much information as you can for issues, and please leave the id in the issue title intact.

Other

What are expectations and how are they determined?